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英语常用语法:句子转折词的桥梁
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“They are wasting resources, for example, time, energy and money.”
d5 C9 J' d0 L 上面这句话不错,只是转折词“for example”不妥当;应该这样:
/ I( }7 T- z4 w- {4 I9 y5 K “They are wasting resources. For example, they use too much time, energy and money.”
, D5 `8 b0 a8 X9 c, D2 K) x& }* d 不然就要换一换转折词,改用“such as”或“like”:
- s/ d; w: E- T/ V! A$ y% W “They are wasting resources, such as (or like) time, energy and money.”8 Q; I+ J1 @! F1 U" a* K9 t$ v
不管任何语言,转折词(transitional words)都扮演着一个重要角色,就是:承先启后,使句子紧凑,段落相吸,对文章结构,有良性作用。但是有些人几乎没有采用转折词的习惯,结果文句松散,上下文七零八乱,应该避免。& Z- W* C( j4 L" w% J; ]
现在把主要转折词,分类列下,供大家参考。5 M4 l+ j8 I! u' A @$ x& U N
Ⅰ表示“尤有进者”的意思:
8 Q; Z8 A( H7 b6 V" X- T% D Again, also, then, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, next, in addition等,如:
3 m9 C( `! c6 A ① Jason teaches diligently. Besides, he writes a lot.5 L( c1 T# y" X6 k5 o+ L9 E
② English is a useful language. For one thing, it is an official language in the UN. Then, it is widely used in business, science and technology.$ s- X0 Q) J8 f8 D1 s
Ⅱ表示“反意见”:
$ w7 _+ c9 N, g i But, however, still, yet, after all, for all that, in spite of, on the contrary, on the other hand等,如:2 {4 o' R* i+ x' ]( v B5 A- F( r, O
③ Jim is intelligent but lazy.
1 a6 s0 T' }: j1 ^ ④ Singapore is not a big country.On the contrary, it is very small.
5 U2 U: X6 s+ u8 `7 _# x Ⅲ表示“困果关系”:$ j6 L8 j0 u1 {$ y. T! d
Therefore, so, hence, thus, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等,如:
; A! D; H: y& ~4 s) s4 B ⑤ Some people are over-ambitious. As a result, they are usually unhappy.5 y9 M. k/ @2 E- x/ z5 t! j
⑥ Tom did not work hard; hence, he failed.
. Y: h3 @& M0 l8 O+ C Ⅳ表示“比较关系”:* s- E$ C {# L r& x8 F
Likewise, similarly, in a like manner 等,如:
* P/ k0 k+ l# A' V% i# T ⑦ You cannot writes without a pen. Likewise, you cannot cook without rice.
$ B( S* X' }/ U0 a, N2 [ ⑧ No one is allowed to speak Mandarin in an English class. Similarly, no one is allowed to speak English in a Mandarin class.
$ b# B% a/ f$ {: _ Ⅴ表示“举例示范”:1 X) |* X' L8 r( Z2 a7 @
For example, in other words, for instance, that is 等,如:4 H5 R4 q6 k! e# Q- v+ }1 V. Z2 ~
⑨ There are some common errors in his composition. For instance, it is wrong to use "he" to replace "the queen".6 R1 m! N9 K; ~! q9 L" m
Ⅵ表示“结束”:6 m# f, z T5 H/ O# f9 i2 X
To sum up, in brief, in short, on the whole, to conclude 等,如:
3 T5 Z% j9 ~( V4 y! I ⑩ Some say Singapore is a nice place to live in. Others say it is not so nice. It is too competitive. In short, some like Singapore; some do not.
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